I get synch fees which are the monies paid up front to synch the audio to video. My take is 50%, my broker takes the other half. I am paid these every six months. MTV/VH1 Viacom pays synch fees once per year.
When a show airs I collect artist share of performance royalties and on some, depending on the deal I collect the publisher share. Alot of deals you work with the publishing company or broker where you get 100% of the artist royalties and they take 100% publishers share.
The actual amounts vary alot depending on the length of the track used, how many times the show airs, the time slot (primetime pays more), and how it was used (background music pays less than say a theme song). Generally it takes nine months from the time the show airs until an ASCAP check is received. I've gotten paid as few as a couple pennies per airing (HBO promo slot) up to $350 per airing. There's a formula that ASCAP uses but I don't know exactly how it is calculated, other than they assign credits per usage and each credit is worth a certain amount.
http://www.sindustry.net